Download HCIE-WLAN (Written) V1.0.H12-351_v1.0.VCEplus.2025-03-30.56q.vcex

In Huawei's smart roaming solution, the WAC can discover and maintain neighboring AP entries of STAs by using two methods: passive listening and active scanning. Passive listening means that the AP listens to the Probe frames sent by STAs and reports them to the WAC. Active scanning means that the AP periodically and proactively scans neighboring APs of STAs and reports them to the WAC.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/smartroaming

The home agent is a device that communicates with the gateway on the STAs' home network at Layer 3 and maintains the binding entries of STAs' home addresses and care-of addresses. A home WAC can function as a home agent of STAs, while a home AP cannot.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/mobile-ip

Huawei APs can identify non-Wi-Fi devices that operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band, such as Bluetooth devices, ZigBee devices, game controllers, wireless video and audio transmitters, microwave ovens, cordless phones, and baby monitors.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/non-wi-fidevice-identification

BSS coloring is a feature introduced in Wi-Fi 6 that assigns different colors to different BSSs to reduce co-channel interference. BSS coloring provides the following advantages:Higher packet rate on the air interface: BSS coloring reduces collisions between packets from different BSSs on the same channel, improving packet transmission efficiency.More efficient channel use: BSS coloring allows spatial reuse of channels by different BSSs, increasing channel utilization.Higher concurrency in high-density scenarios: BSS coloring reduces interference among neighboring APs and improves network performance in high-density scenarios.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/bsscoloring

An AP may preferentially use the BTM mode to steer some STAs that are compliant with 802.11v protocol. BTM stands for BSS Transition Management, which is a feature defined in 802.11v protocol that allows an AP to send a request to a STA to switch to another BSS.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/btm

The load percentage of an AP is calculated by dividing the number of associated STAs by the maximum number of STAs supported by the AP. In this case, the load percentage of AP_1 is 4/10 = 40%, and that of AP_2 is 1/10 = 10%. The load balancing mechanism needs to be enabled to balance the load between AP_1 and AP_2. Then some STAs are steered from AP_1 to AP_2 based on the load balancing threshold and the load difference threshold.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/loadbalancing

In a multicast solution, there must be reachable unicast routes between multicast sources and receivers, because multicast routing protocols use unicast routing information to build multicast forwarding trees.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/multicast

After multicast-to-unicast conversion is enabled on an AP's air interface, the destination MAC address of multicast packets sent over the air interface is changed to the MAC address of a STA that has joined the multicast group.This improves the transmission efficiency and reliability of multicast packets.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/multicastto-unicast-conversion

Navi WAC networking is a networking mode that uses a WLAN Access Controller (WAC) to manage and control APs. It can provide different authentication and security policies for different user groups, such as employees and guests. Guest data is isolated from the internal network to prevent security threats.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100064352/9aadccc0/navi-wacnetworking

IPsec uses authentication headers (AHs) and encapsulating security payloads (ESPs) to ensure secure transmission of service data on the network. AHs provide authentication and integrity verification for the sender and the receiver, while ESPs provide encryption and optional authentication for the data.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/ipsec

A mesh connection can be torn down by either of the two APs that have established it by sending a Mesh Peering Close frame to the other AP. This frame indicates that the sender no longer wants to maintain the mesh connection.Reference: https://support.huawei.com/enterprise/en/doc/EDOC1100058940/8a8f1c9b/meshnetworking